4 Madrigals - Oboe, Clarinet, and Bassoon

Bohuslav Martinu (1890-1959), one of many European composers displaced by war, was born in Policka, Bohemia, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.  He lived in Prague from 1906 to 1923 (with some time spent back home), in Paris and Aix-en-Provence from 1923 to 1941, and in the United States from 1941, mostly in New York City.  He became an American citizen in 1952 but lived in mostly in Europe from 1953 on, dying in hospital at Liestal, Switzerland of inoperable stomach cancer.

In spite of his poor record at the Prague Conservatory, from which he was expelled, Martinu became a good enough violinist to play in the National Theatre Orchestra and the Czech Philharmonic.  He learned composition by listening to, observing, and memorizing a wide variety of music in Prague and in Paris.  Formal instruction in composition played a lesser role, although Albert Roussel was a valued advisor.  After moving to the United States, Martinu became active as a teacher at the Berkshire Music Center, the Mannes College of Music, Princeton University, the Curtis Institute, and the American Academy in Rome.  He began writing symphonies during his time in the USA.

Several of Martinu's chamber music works include the word "madrigal" or "madrigals" in their titles.  In a radio interview from 1942, he stated that English madrigals were among his influences, but did not elaborate on specific technical reasons for this, except to say that the polyphony of English madrigals was different from the polyphony of Bach.  The first piece for which Martinu used the word "madrigals" was Four Madrigals, composed in Paris in 1937. 

For oboe, clarinet, and bassoon. Parts only, no score included.